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                  <text>Emerson in Concord</text>
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      <name>Middlesex Hotel</name>
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                <text>Emerson’s great-grandfather Daniel Bliss (1715-1764), a 1732 graduate of Yale, was minister of the First Parish in Concord from 1739 to 1764.  He succeeded John Whiting, who was forced to resign because of his fondness for alcohol.  A New Light Congregationalist caught up in the Great Awakening revivalism preached by Jonathan Edwards, Bliss twice welcomed English evangelist George Whitefield to Concord, in 1741 and 1764. &#13;
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   During Bliss’s ministry, there was considerable discord among his parishioners over his evangelical fervor, leading to the departure of a number—including John Whiting—who chose to worship separately at the Black Horse Tavern.  (The tavern stood on the present site of the Concord Free Public Library.)&#13;
&#13;
   Bliss was a powerful preacher.  When George Whitefield preached here in 1764, Bliss’s abilities were judged by his congregation as at least equal to those of the more famous man.&#13;
&#13;
   In his 1835 Concord bicentennial discourse, Ralph Waldo Emerson referred to the charges brought “by lovers of order and moderation” against Bliss as “a favorer of religious excitements.”  Emerson’s perception of the “true piety” evident in Bliss’s response to these charges suggests the value he himself placed on deeply felt spirituality as contrasted with the conventional expressions of institutional religion.&#13;
&#13;
   These two Daniel Bliss sermons are written in what appears to be a variety of Greek shorthand.&#13;
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                <text>1748-1754</text>
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                <text>All Materials courtesy of William Munroe Special Collections, Concord Free Public Library</text>
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                <text>The Gospel-Covenant; or The Covenant of Grace Opened … Preached in Concord in New-England </text>
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                <text> A man of inherited wealth, the Reverend Peter Bulkeley (1583-1659) attended St. John’s College in Cambridge.  He left England because his religious nonconformity placed him at odds with Archbishop Laud.  Along with fur trader Simon Willard and some twelve families, Bulkeley settled Concord, which was incorporated in September of 1635, and gathered the Concord church at Cambridge in July of 1636.  He not only served as minister to the new town (from 1636 until 1644 with the assistance of John Jones, then on his own until his death), but also invested in Concord’s development.  He paid for and owned the town grist mill, built on the pond created by damming the Mill Brook for power.&#13;
&#13;
   Peter Bulkeley was highly respected both locally, in Concord, and more widely in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.  He corresponded with his colleagues in the Colonial clergy, and gained a reputation for his Gospel-Covenant, first published at London in 1646.  This  book was a collection of sermons that Bulkeley had preached on the controversial issue of the relationship between works, grace, faith, justification, and salvation.&#13;
&#13;
   In September of 1835, two hundred years after Peter Bulkeley arrived in the New World, Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered the keynote address at Concord’s celebration of the bicentennial of its incorporation.  In the address, he drew attention both to the abiding presence in Concord of descendants of the founding families and to his own relation to the best-known of the town’s settlers: “ … the race survives whilst the individual dies.  In the country, without any interference of the law, the agricultural life favors the permanence of families.  Here are still around me, the lineal descendants of the first settlers of this town.  Here is Blood, Flint, Willard, Meriam, Wood, Hosmer, Barrett, Wheeler, Jones, Brown, Buttrick, Brooks, Stow, Hoar, Heywood, Hunt, Miles,—the names of the inhabitants for the first thirty years; and the family is in many cases represented, when the name is not.  If the name of Bulkeley is wanting, the honor you have done me, this day, in making me your organ, testifies your persevering kindness to his blood.” </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://cfplarttour.org/"&gt;Concord Free Public Library Art Tour&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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