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                <text>Lidian and Edward Emerson</text>
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                <text>“One of my wise masters, Edmund Burke, said, ‘A wise man will speak the truth with temperance that he may speak it the longer.’  In this new sentiment that you awaken in me, my Lydian Queen, what might scare others pleases me, its quietness, which I accept as a pledge of permanence.  I delighted myself on Friday with my quite domesticated position &amp; the good understanding that grew all the time, yet I went &amp; came without one vehement word—or one passionate sign.  In this was nothing of design, I merely surrendered myself to the hour &amp; to the facts.  I find a sort of grandeur in the modulated expressions of a love in which the individuals, &amp; what might seem even reasonable personal expectations, are steadily postponed to a regard for truth &amp; the universal love.  Do not think me a metaphysical lover.  I am a man &amp; hate &amp; suspect the over refiners, &amp; do sympathize with the homeliest pleasures &amp; attractions by which our good foster mother Nature draws her children together.  Yet am I well pleased that between us the most permanent ties should be the first formed &amp; thereon should grow whatever others human nature will.”—RWE to Lydia Jackson, February 1, 1835&#13;
&#13;
“My wife Lidian is an incarnation of Christianity,—I call her Asia—&amp; keeps my philosophy from Antinomianism.”—RWE to Thomas Carlyle, May 10, 1838&#13;
&#13;
“Blessed be the wife that in the talk tonight shared no vulgar sentiment, but said, In the gossip &amp; excitement of the hour, be as one blind &amp; deaf to it.  Know it not.  Do as if nothing had befallen.  And when it was said by the friend, The end is not yet: wait till it is done; she said, ‘It is done in Eternity.’  Blessed be the wife!  I, as always, venerate the oracular nature of woman.  The sentiment which the man thinks he came unto gradually through the events of years, to his surprise he finds woman dwelling there in the same, as in her native home.”--RWE, journal, September 29, 1838&#13;
&#13;
“Queenie (who has a gift to curse &amp; swear) will every now &amp; then in spite of all manners &amp; christianity rip out on Saints, reformers, &amp; Divine Providence with the most edifying zeal.  In answer to the good Burrill Curtis who asks whether trade will not check the free course of love she insists ‘it shall be said that there is no love to restrain the course of, &amp; never was, that poor God did all he could, but selfishness fairly carried the day.’ ”—RWE, journal, September?, 1841&#13;
&#13;
“Queenie’s epitaph: ‘Do not wake me.’ ”—RWE, journal, March?, 1843. &#13;
“Education.  Don’t let them eat their seed-corn; don’t let them anticipate, or ante-date, &amp; be young men, before they have finished their boyhood.  Let them have the fields &amp; woods, &amp; learn their secret &amp; the base &amp; foot-ball, &amp; wrestling, &amp; brickbats, &amp; suck all the strength &amp; courage that lies for them in these games; let them ride bareback, &amp; catch their horse in his pasture, let them hook &amp; spear their fish, &amp; shin a post and a tall tree, &amp; shoot their partridge &amp; trap the woodchuck, before they begin to dress like collegians, &amp; sing in serenades, &amp; make polite calls.”—RWE, journal, April-May?, 1856&#13;
&#13;
“I am very happy to hear of your mending health, which you must carefully respect over all the studies &amp; professors in the world, since it has been once so severely shaken, &amp; you the only male heir of your line … ”—RWE to Edward Waldo Emerson, December 17, 1871.</text>
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                <text>Amelia Forbes Emerson</text>
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                <text>All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library</text>
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                <text>Ellen and Edith Emerson</text>
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                <text>Edith and Ellen Emerson</text>
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                <text>“Yesterday morning, 24 Feb. at 8 o’clock a daughter was born to me, a soft, quiet, swarthy little creature, apparently perfect &amp; healthy.  My second child.  Blessings on thy head, little winter bud!  &amp; comest thou to try thy luck in this world &amp; know if the things of God are things for thee?  Well assured &amp; very soft &amp; still, the little maiden expresses great contentment with all she finds, &amp; her delicate but fixed determination to stay where she is, &amp; grow.  So be it, my fair child!  Lidian, who magnanimously makes my gods her gods, calls the babe Ellen.  I can hardly ask more for thee, my babe, than that name implies.  Be that vision &amp; remain with us, &amp; after us.”—RWE, journal, February 25, 1839&#13;
&#13;
“Nellie waked &amp; fretted at night &amp; put all sleep of her seniors to rout.  Seniors grew very cross, but Nell conquered soon by the pathos &amp; eloquence of childhood &amp; its words of fate.  Thus after wishing it would be morning, she broke out into sublimity; ‘Mother, it must be morning.’  Presently, after, in her sleep, she rolled out of bed; I heard the little feet running around on the floor, and then, ‘O dear! Where’s my bed?’ &#13;
   She slept again, and then woke; ‘Mother, I am afraid; I wish I could sleep in the bed be side of you.  I am afraid I shall tumble into the waters—It is all water.’  What else could papa do?  He jumped out of bed &amp; laid himself down by the little mischief, &amp; soothed her the best he might.”—RWE, journal, June 26, 1842&#13;
&#13;
“Be it known unto you that a little maiden child is born unto this house this day at 5 o clock this afternoon; it is a meek little girl which I have just seen, &amp; in this short dark winter afternoon I cannot tell what color her eyes are, and the less, because she keeps them pretty closely shut: But there is nothing in her aspect to contradict the hope we feel that she has come for a blessing to our little company.  Lidian is very well and finds herself suddenly recovered from a host of ails which she suffered from this morning.  Waldo is quite deeply happy with this fair unexpected apparition &amp; cannot peep &amp; see it enough.  Ellen has retired to bed unconscious of the fact &amp; of all her rich gain in this companion.  Shall I be discontented who had dreamed of a young poet that should come?  I am quite too much affected with wonder &amp; peace at what I have and behold &amp; understand nothing of, to quarrel with it that it is not different.”—RWE to William and Susan Haven Emerson, November 22, 1841.&#13;
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                <text>Amelia Forbes Emerson</text>
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                <text>“And so, Lidian, I can never bring you back my noble friend who was my ornament my wisdom &amp; my pride.—A soul is gone so costly &amp; so rare that few persons were capable of knowing its price and I shall have my sorrow to myself for if I speak of him I shall be thought a fond exaggerator.  He had the fourfold perfection of good sense, of genius, of grace, &amp; of virtue, as I have never seen them combined.  I determined to live in Concord, as you know, because he was there, and now that the immense promise of his maturity is destroyed, I feel not only unfastened there and adrift but a sort of shame at living at all.”—RWE to Lidian Emerson, May 12, 1836&#13;
&#13;
“In Charles, I found society that indemnified me for almost total seclusion from all other.  He was my philosopher, my poet, my hero, my Christian.  Of so creative a mind that … yet his conversation made Shakspear more conceivable to me; such an adorer of truth that he awed us, and a spirit of so much hilarity &amp; elegancy that he actualized the heroic life to our eyes … I cannot tell you how much I miss him I depended on him so much.  His taste &amp; its organs his acute senses were our domestic oracle.  His judgment, his memory were always in request.  Even his particular accomplishments, who shall replace to me?  He was an excellent Greek scholar and has recently read with me, more properly to me, a dialogue of Plato &amp; the Electra of Sophocles.  But why should I pore over my vanished treasures when I ought rather to remember the happiness … in which light I certainly do regard his life even whilst I deplore him—viz as in the whole a Vision to me out of heaven and a perpetual argument for the reality&amp; permanence of all that we aspire after … I can gather no hint from this terrible experience, respecting my own duties I grope in greater darkness &amp; with less heed.”—RWE to Harriet Martineau, May 30, 1836.</text>
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                <text>“A very good discourse on Marriage might be written by him who would preach on the nature of things.  Let him teach how fast the frivolous external fancying fades out of the mind.  Let him teach both husband &amp; wife to mourn for the rapid ebb of inclination not one moment, to yield it no tear.  As this fancy picture, these fata-Morgana, this cloud scenery fades forever the solid mountain chains whereupon the sky rests in the far perspective of the soul begin to appear.  The parties discover every day the deep &amp; permanent character each of the other as a rock foundation on which they may safely build their nuptial bower.  They learn slowly that all other affection than that which rests upon what they are is superstitious &amp; evanescent, that all concealment, all pretension is wholly Vain, that to the amiable &amp; useful &amp; heroic qualities which inhere in the other belong a certain portion of love, of pleasure, of veneration which is as exactly measured as the attraction of a pound of iron, that there is no luck nor witchcraft nor destiny nor divinity in marriage that can produce affection but only those qualities that by their nature extort it, that all love is mathematical.”—RWE, journal, September 28?, 1836&#13;
&#13;
“He had love and tremendous tenderness for very small children, and his skill in taking and handling a baby was in remarkable contrast to his awkwardness with animals or tools.  The monthly nurse, who drew back instinctively when he offered to take a new-born baby from her arms, saw in another moment that she had no cause to shudder, for nothing could be more delicate and skilful and confident than his manner of holding the small scrap of humanity as delighted and smiling he bore it up and down the room, making a charming and tender address to it.  His little boy, the first-born of his family (two sons and two daughters), died at the age of five.  His good friend Judge Hoar writes: ‘I think I was never more impressed with a human expression of agony than when Mr. Emerson led me into the room where little Waldo lay dead and said only, in reply to whatever I could say of sorrow or sympathy, “Oh that boy!  That boy!” ’ ”—Edward Waldo Emerson, Emerson in Concord&#13;
&#13;
“He had the grace to leave his children, after they began to grow up, the responsibility of deciding in more important questions concerning themselves, for which they cannot be too grateful to him; he did not command or forbid, but laid the principles and the facts before us and left the case in our hands.”—Edward Waldo Emerson, Emerson in Concord&#13;
&#13;
“Nothing could be better than his manner to children and young people, affectionate and with a marked respect for their personality, as if perhaps their inspiration or ideal might be better than his own, yet dignified and elevating by his expectations.  He was at ease with them and questioned them kindly, but as if expecting from them something better than had yet appeared, so that he always inspired affection and awe, but never fear.  The beauty, the sincerity, the hopefulness of young people charmed him.”—Edward Waldo Emerson, Emerson in Concord.&#13;
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                <text> Despite the sympathy and fellowship that Emerson and Thoreau shared in the 1830s and early 1840s, their friendship was eventually troubled.  Each man’s misplaced expectations of the other took its toll. &#13;
&#13;
   Moreover, Emerson found that Thoreau’s extreme idealism made ordinary friendship difficult to maintain.  He wrote in his eulogy of Thoreau that “no equal companion stood in affectionate relations with one so pure and guileless,” and went so far as to comment, “I think the severity of his ideal interfered to deprive him of a healthy sufficiency of human society.”  Then, too, there was an offputting thorniness to Thoreau’s personality.  Elizabeth Hoar said of him (as recorded in Emerson’s journal and later incorporated into the eulogy), “I love Henry, but do not like him.” &#13;
&#13;
   And yet, Thoreau could be a good comrade.  While living in the Manse between 1842 and 1845, Nathaniel Hawthorne—no extrovert—enjoyed his company.  When Thoreau informed him of his plan to go to Staten Island in 1843 to tutor the children of Emerson’s brother William, Hawthorne wrote in his journal, “I should like to have him remain here.”  In “The Forester,” Bronson Alcott called Thoreau “the most welcome of companions.”&#13;
&#13;
   Although the bond between them sometimes chafed, Emerson and Thoreau remained friends.  If the relationship did not turn out as they had thought it would, each nevertheless continued to find qualities to admire in the other.  Emerson particularly respected Thoreau as a man of action and valued his useful skills and knowledge.  He wrote in his eulogy of Thoreau: “He grew to be revered and admired by his townsmen, who had at first known him only as an oddity.  The farmers who employed him as a surveyor soon discovered his rare accuracy and skill, his knowledge of their lands, of trees, of birds, of Indian remains … which enabled him to tell every farmer more than he knew before of his own farm.” &#13;
&#13;
   The items shown here—a presentation copy of Walden (1854) inscribed by Thoreau for Emerson, a pencil survey of Emerson’s property at Walden, copied in 1857 by Thoreau, and a letter of introduction written by Emerson for Thoreau’s use in Minnesota in 1861—all attest to the endurance of their friendship.&#13;
&#13;
   After Thoreau’s death in 1862, Emerson had opportunity to read his friend’s manuscript journal.  In June, 1863, moved by the vitality he found there, he paid private tribute in his own journal to Thoreau as a writer: “In reading Henry Thoreau’s Journal, I am very sensible of the vigor of his constitution.  That oaken strength which I noted whenever he walked or worked or surveyed wood lots, the same unhesitating hand with which a field-laborer accosts a piece of work which I should shun as a waste of strength, Henry shows in his literary task.  He has muscle, &amp; ventures on &amp; performs feats which I am forced to decline.  In reading him, I find the same thought, the same spirit that is in me, but he takes a step beyond, &amp; illustrates by excellent images that which I should have conveyed in a sleepy generality.”</text>
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                <text>Aware that the centennial of the Concord Fight on April 19, 1875 would draw national attention, Concord had carefully planned its grand celebration of the event.  Invitations were sent to numerous towns, to representatives of state and national government, to historical organizations, and to many individuals.  President Ulysses S. Grant, Vice President Henry Wilson, Secretary of War William Worth Belknap, Secretary of State Hamilton Fish, and Massachusetts Governor William Gaston were among the dignitaries who attended.  President Grant and his entourage arrived by train on April 17th and went by carriage to the Main Street home of Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar.&#13;
&#13;
   Monday, April 19, 1875 dawned cold and clear, later turned blustery and snowed.  As huge crowds arrived by train, it became apparent that the anticipated number of visitors had been seriously underestimated.  The formation of the parade was complicated by the sheer volume of the crowd.  Moreover, provisions were insufficient to feed the incoming people.  Despite considerable advance preparation, Concord was taken by surprise.&#13;
&#13;
   The ceremonies began with a 100-round sunrise salute from Nashawtuc Hill.  The parade proceeded to the battleground, crossing the new Victorian bridge constructed for the celebration.  John Shepard Keyes unveiled Daniel Chester French’s Minute Man statue.  The parade then continued to the meadow beyond, where the oration and dinner tents were located.  In the oration tent, two hundred dignitaries gathered on the speakers’ platform, which collapsed twice during the program.  E.R. Hoar—“President of the Day”—called the crowd to order, the Reverend Grindall Reynolds of the First Parish said a prayer, Ralph Waldo Emerson gave a short address, James Russell Lowell read a poem, and George William Curtis delivered a lengthy oration.  (As Curtis spoke, President Grant and other officials left for Lexington’s celebration.)  Invited guests then adjourned to the dinner tent. &#13;
&#13;
   Emerson had served on the Committee on General Invitations for the 1875 celebration.  He had also supported young Concord sculptor Daniel Chester French in obtaining the commission to design a statue to honor the colonial soldiers who fought on April 19, 1775.  French’s bronze Minute Man was the first of many pieces of public sculpture that he created throughout his long, successful career.  The first verse of Emerson’s “Concord Hymn” was inscribed on its base.&#13;
&#13;
   Emerson’s brief speech at the centennial celebration in 1875 was the last public address that he prepared for delivery in Concord.  The speech was printed in the New York Herald for April 19, 1875 (“Revolutionary Extra Edition”; Myerson E183) and reprinted several times.  In 1876, it appeared in Concord’s printed record of the proceedings at its celebration.&#13;
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                <text>All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library</text>
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                <text>Boston publisher James T. Fields was among the dignitaries and literati invited to join Concord for the dedication of its new library in 1873.  Fields was a partner in the Boston firm of Ticknor and Fields and, along with Emerson and Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, a member of the Saturday Club. &#13;
&#13;
   Ticknor and Fields published a number of major American authors—Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau, Holmes, Longfellow, Lowell, Stowe, and Whittier among them—and English authors as well.  The firm also issued the Atlantic Monthly.  James Russell Lowell was the first editor of the magazine.  Fields took over as editor in 1861, on Lowell’s resignation. &#13;
&#13;
   Fields was unable to attend the October 1st ceremonies in Concord.  He wrote to William Munroe on September 29th: “I have been confined to my room six weeks by a lame knee, and can’t be with you on Wednesday.  As I always intended to join the good day’s dedication, I feel greatly disappointed—more than I can express.  I send for the Library a gift of five autographs, which please present in my name … ”&#13;
&#13;
   The autograph manuscripts which Fields presented were pieces by various authors prepared for publication in the Atlantic Monthly: Emerson’s essay “Culture”; Thoreau’s essay “Walking”; Holmes’s poem “Dorothy Q”; Lowell’s poem “The Cathedral”; and Motley’s address before the Parker Fraternity on October 20, 1868.  In 1875, Fields added the manuscript of the first chapter of Hawthorne’s The Dolliver Romance to his dedication gift.&#13;
&#13;
   Emerson’s essay “Culture” first appeared in print in the Atlantic Monthly for September, 1860 (Myerson E154).  It was subsequently included in the collection The Conduct of Life (1860; Myerson A26).</text>
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                <text>All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library</text>
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                <text>On October 1, 1873, Concord celebrated the dedication of its new public library, the gift of William Munroe (1806-1877).  A son of pencil-maker William Munroe (or Monroe), Munroe was born and raised in Concord.  He moved away as a young man, made a fortune in dry goods and textiles, and retired in 1861.  Living in Boston, he spent summers with his family in Concord, finally moving back here in 1876.&#13;
&#13;
   Never married, with no children to inherit his fortune, Munroe wanted to use his wealth to benefit the cultural and intellectual life of his hometown.  He first planned to leave a bequest to the Concord Town Library, then decided that his purposes would be better served by establishing an entirely new institution.&#13;
&#13;
   The Concord Free Public Library was incorporated on March 24, 1873.  Munroe had planned every detail of its management and operation.  The new library was to be supported by a combination of public and private funding and jointly governed by the public Town Library Committee and the private, self-perpetuating Concord Free Public Library Corporation.  The town committee would oversee staffing (a professional librarian was to be hired) and the general collection, while the private body would own and maintain the physical facilities and would receive gifts of rare books, manuscripts, works of art, and other valuable materials.  This public/private form of management continues to this day.&#13;
&#13;
   Munroe engaged Boston architects Snell and Gregerson to draw up plans.  They designed an impressive Victorian Gothic building, the core of which remains today in the library’s octagonal lobby.&#13;
&#13;
   The formal dedication ceremonies on Wednesday October 1st began in the Town Hall at 4:00 P.M., following a procession of citizens from the library.  The new building was open to visitors all day.  The ladies of the town had decorated both the Town Hall and the library with flowers and autumn leaves.  The exercises included music by the Concord Band, remarks and reports by Library Corporation and Library Committee representatives, the presentation by William Munroe to E.R. Hoar of the keys to the building, and the keynote address by Ralph Waldo Emerson.&#13;
&#13;
   Emerson served on the Library Committee for the Concord Free Public Library from 1873 until his death in 1882 and was its chairman for the final seven years of his tenure.&#13;
&#13;
   In 1873, as he prepared his speech for the library dedication, Emerson wrote in his journal about the transforming power of books and libraries: “Be a little careful about your Library.  Do you foresee what you will do with it?  Very little to be sure.  But the real question is, what it will do with you?  You will come here &amp; get books that will open your eyes, &amp; your ears, &amp; your curiosity, and turn you inside out or outside in.”&#13;
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                <text>Ralph Waldo Emerson</text>
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                <text>Concord Free Public Library</text>
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                <text>1873</text>
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                <text>All materials courtesy of the William Munroe Special Collections at the Concord Free Public Library</text>
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